Vol 31, No 3

1. Jennifer just gave birth and cannot breastfeed her infant. She follows a plant-based diet herself and would like to feed her infant a plant based infant formula. What key points about soy-based infant formulas would you discuss with her?

a. Soy infant formula appears to be a safe and nutritionally complete option for babies in the first year of life

b. Soy infant formula is the only plant-based, non-dairy infant formula option available

c. Soy infant formulas are suitable for families desiring a plant-based eating pattern for their baby

d. All of the above

2. Soy foods can be introduced when babies begin complementary foods around _____months of age and this may help prevent the development of soy allergy.

a. 2

b. 3

c. 6

d. 12

3. Jennifer’s baby is now 6 months of age and is just learning to feed by spoon and is not weaned. She asks for suggestions on how to incorporate soy-based foods into the baby’s diet and your advice includes:

a. Steaming edamame and feeding it whole to the baby

b. Cutting firm tofu into large pieces for finger feeding

c. Including soy yogurt mixed with pureed fruit

d. Including fermented soy foods like miso with whole edamame

4. When a less than 1 year old baby demonstrates a pincer grasp and can self-feed, the baby’s caregiver can incorporate soy foods by doing all of the following except:

a. Cutting small, diced pieces of soft calcium set tofu

b. Steaming and mashing soybeans

c. Dicing small pieces of tempeh

d. Adding 1 cup of unflavored soy milk to the daily diet

5. _______________proposes that when infants are exposed to food proteins through the skin, particularly via an altered, inflamed skin barrier (as can occur in infants with severe eczema), it can promote pro-allergic immune pathways and lead to food allergy (FA).

a. The Single Allergen Exposure Hypothesis

b. The Food Allergy Hypothesis

c. The Dual Allergen Exposure Hypothesis

d. The IgE Mediated Allergen Hypothesis

6. James is a 4-month-old infant with mild eczema (atopic dermatitis). His parents are concerned about potential food allergies and ask for your professional advice about peanuts. According to the 2017 Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy, peanut-containing foods are recommended to be introduced at ___to___months of age in “high-risk” infants (those with eczema and/or egg allergy).

a. 1-2

b. 2-3

c. 4-6

d. 10-12

7. The Consensus Approach to the Primary Prevention of Food Allergy through Nutrition work group concluded:

a. There is strong evidence supporting peanut-containing foods should be introduced into the infant’s diet starting around 6 months of life

b. There strong evidence supporting introduction of peanut containing foods starting around 3 months of life

c. Cooked egg/egg-containing products (e.g. boiled, scrambled, or baked egg) should be introduced in a similar time frame (6 months of life)

d. A and C

8. The LEAP, EAT and other trials involving early introduction of commonly allergenic solids to a baby’s diet provide strong support for the safety and effectiveness of early introduction of allergenic solids for the __________of food allergies (FA).

a. Primary prevention

b. Enhanced cause

c. Primary exacerbation

d. IgE response

9. Soy consumption in childhood may have later health benefits like reducing breast cancer risk. __________in soy are thought to change cells in the developing breast in a manner that makes them permanently less likely to be transformed into cancer cells.

a. Insoluble fibers

b. Isoflavones

c. Antioxidants

d. Proteins

10. Mary, the mother of a 10-year-old fraternal twins, a boy and a girl, is adding more soy options in her family’s daily diet and is concerned that soy may impact her children’s hormone levels during puberty. Clinical studies with small numbers of subjects have found soy

a. Increases thyroid hormone in boys and girls, estrogen in girls, and testosterone in boys

b. Has no effect on thyroid hormone in boys and girls, estrogen in girls, and testosterone in boys

c. Decreases thyroid hormone in boys and girls, estrogen in girls, and testosterone in boys

d. Increases thyroid hormone in boys and girls but reduces both estrogen in girls and testosterone in boys

11. Soy intake during pregnancy may reduce risk of _____________ , a type of hyperglycemia diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy and the most common metabolic disorder of pregnancy.

a. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

b. Gestational Glucose Disorder (GGD)

c. Gestational Insulinemic Syndrome (GIS)

d. Gestational Glucagon Syndrome (GGS)

12. Margaret is a pregnant female following a plant-based diet rich in soy. After reading an article in a magazine, she is concerned that the type and amount of soy in her diet may harm her unborn baby. Recent studies show:

a. With respect to intake, there is no reason to differentiate soy food consumption recommendations between pregnant and non-pregnant women

b. With respect to intake, there are many reasons to differentiate soy food consumption recommendations between pregnant and non-pregnant women

c. With respect to intake, soy food consumption should be completely eliminated in the diets of all pregnant women

d. With respect to intake, soy food consumption should be completely eliminated in pregnant women carrying a male (XY) fetus

13. During pregnancy, soy consumption may lead to ______amounts of isoflavones in amniotic fluid.

a. Non quantifiable

b. Quantifiable

c. Dangerous

d. Toxic

Continuing Professional Education Credit